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Chapter 13: Spanning Tree and Rapid Spanning Tree Protocols
146
Path Costs and
Port Costs
After the root bridge has been selected, the bridges determine if the
network contains redundant paths and, if one is found, select a preferred
path while placing the redundant paths in a backup or blocking state.
Where there is only one path between a bridge and the root bridge, the
bridge is referred to as the designated bridge and the port through which
the bridge is communicating with the root bridge is referred to as the root
port.
If redundant paths exist, the bridges that are a part of the paths must
determine which path is the primary, active path, and which path(s) are
placed in the standby, blocking mode. This is accomplished by an
determination of path costs. The path offering the lowest cost to the root
bridge becomes the primary path and all other redundant paths are placed
into blocking state.
Path cost is determined by evaluating port costs. Every port on a bridge
participating in STP has a cost associated with it. The cost of a port on a
bridge is typically based on port speed. The faster the port, the lower the
port cost. The exception to this is the ports on the root bridge, where all
ports have a port cost of 0.
Path cost is the sum of the port costs between a bridge and the root
bridge.
The port cost of a port on the switch is adjustable through the AT-S106
Management software. For STP and RSTP, the range is from 0 to
200,000,000.
Port Priority If two paths have the same port cost, the bridges must select a preferred
path. In some instances this can involve the use of the port priority
parameter which is used as a tie breaker when two paths have the same
cost.
The range for port priority is 0 to 240. As with bridge priority, this range is
broken into increments, in this case multiples of 16. To select a port
priority for a port, you enter the desired value. Table 4 on page 147 lists
the values that are valid. The default value is 128.
- Management 1
- Software 1
- Web Browser 1
- User’s Guide 1
- Contents 3
- List of Figures 7
- List of Tables 10
- Contacting Allied Telesis 13
- Chapter 1 15
- Switch’s IP Address 16
- Web Browser Tools 20
- Basic Switch Parameters 23
- Setting Up the IP Access List 26
- Deleting an IP 27
- Adding System 33
- Administration 33
- Information 33
- Modifying 34
- Deleting 35
- Viewing System Information 37
- Rebooting a Switch 40
- Pinging a Remote System 42
- Virtual LANs 45
- VLAN Overview 46
- Tagged VLAN 48
- Tagged and Untagged Ports 49
- Port VLAN Identifier 49
- Chapter 3: Virtual LANs 50
- Creating a Tagged VLAN 51
- Modifying a Tagged VLAN 53
- Deleting a Tagged VLAN 55
- Creating a Port-Based VLAN 56
- Modifying a Port-Based VLAN 57
- Deleting a Port-Based VLAN 58
- Quality of Service (QoS) 59
- Configuring CoS 65
- Port Configuration 69
- Chapter 5: Port Configuration 72
- Static Port Trunking 75
- Port Trunking Overview 76
- Static Port Trunk Guidelines 77
- Creating a Port Trunk 79
- Modifying a Port Trunk 81
- 6. Click Apply 82
- Disabling a Port Trunk 83
- LACP Port Trunks 85
- LACP Overview 86
- LACP System Priority 90
- Key Parameter 90
- LACP Port Priority Value 90
- Displaying LACP Group Status 94
- Chapter 7: LACP Port Trunks 96
- Selecting Port Priority 97
- Chapter 8 99
- SNMP Overview 100
- Community String Attributes 102
- Creating an SNMP Community 105
- Modifying an SNMP Community 106
- Deleting an SNMP Community 107
- Creating a Host Table 108
- Modifying a Host Table Entry 109
- Deleting a Host Table Entry 110
- Enabling or Disabling Traps 111
- Modifying Traps 112
- Deleting Traps 113
- IGMP Snooping 115
- Overview 116
- Configuring IGMP Snooping 118
- Chapter 9: IGMP Snooping 120
- Bandwidth Control 121
- Ingress Rate 123
- Limiting 123
- Egress Rate 123
- Setting Storm Control 124
- Setting Ingress Rate Limiting 126
- Setting Egress Rate Limiting 128
- Chapter 10: Bandwidth Control 130
- Port Mirroring 131
- Configuring Port Mirroring 133
- Disabling Port Mirroring 134
- Static Multicast MAC Address 135
- Tree Protocols 143
- Path Costs and 146
- Port Costs 146
- Hello Time and 148
- Bridge Protocol 148
- Data Units 148
- Point-to-Point 149
- Edge Port 150
- Workstation 150
- Mixed STP and RSTP Networks 151
- Spanning Tree and VLANs 152
- Configuring the 157
- Basic RSTP Port 157
- Settings 157
- Advanced RSTP 159
- Port Settings 159
- Chapter 14 165
- Authentication 167
- Authenticator 167
- Port-based 170
- Network Access 170
- Guidelines 170
- Switch A 171
- Switch B 171
- Guest VLANs 172
- Chapter 15 177
- Configuring the RADIUS Client 179
- Dial-in User Configuration 181
- Configuring a Dial-in User 183
- Delete a Dial-in 184
- Destination MAC Filter 185
- Management Software Updates 189
- Configuration 195
- File Upload 195
- File Download 196
- Figure 64. Result Page 197
- Statistics 201
- Chapter 19: Statistics 204
- Browser Default Parameters 213
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